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For more information on notebooks and Mathematica-compatible applications, contact Wolfram Research: web: http://www.wolfram.com email: info@wolfram.com phone: +1-217-398-0700 (U.S.) Notebook reader applications are available free of charge from Wolfram Research. *******************************************************************) (*CacheID: 232*) (*NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookFileLineBreakTest*) (*NotebookOptionsPosition[ 8389, 282]*) (*NotebookOutlinePosition[ 9115, 307]*) (* CellTagsIndexPosition[ 9071, 303]*) (*WindowFrame->Normal*) Notebook[{ Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Sample Quiz", "Title"], Cell["\<\ March 8, 2006 MTH 338: Linear Algebra\ \>", "Subtitle"], Cell[TextData[{ "The determinant of ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {"7", \(-1\)}, {"2", "1"} }], ")"}], TraditionalForm]]], " is ______________________" }], "Text", FontSize->16], Cell[TextData[{ "The inverse of ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {"7", \(-1\)}, {"2", "1"} }], ")"}], TraditionalForm]]], " is _____________________" }], "Text", FontSize->16], Cell[TextData[{ "The reduced row echelon form of the matrix ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {"1", "2", "0", "1"}, {"0", "1", "1", "1"}, {"0", "1", "2", "2"} }], ")"}], TraditionalForm]]], " is ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"(", "\[NegativeThinSpace]", GridBox[{ {\(___ ___\), \(___ ___\), \(___ ___\), \(___ ___\)}, {\(___ ___\), \(___ ___\), \(___ ___\), \(___ ___\)}, {\(___ ___\), \(___ ___\), \(___ ___\), \(___ ___\)} }], "\[NegativeThinSpace]", ")"}], TraditionalForm]]], "." }], "Text", FontSize->16], Cell[TextData[{ "The definition of the determinant is as follows:\n\tDet([a]) = a,\n\tand \ if A is an n\[Cross]n matrix, then for any ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`r\)]], " between 1 and ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`n\)]], " (inclusive)\n\tDet(A) = ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`\(\(a\_\(r\ 1\)\) A\_\(r\ 1\) + \(a\_\(r\ 2\)\) A\_\(r\ 2\) + \ ... \)\ + \(a\_\(r\ n\)\) A\_\(r\ n\)\)]], ", where ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`A\_rj = \(\((\(-1\))\)\^\(r + j\)\) \(Det( M\_\(r\ j\))\)\)]], " and ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`M\_\(r\ j\)\)]], " is the matrix obtained from ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`A\)]], " by deleting the ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`r\)]], "-th row and the ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`j\)]], "-th column.\n\t\nUsing ", StyleBox["this", FontWeight->"Bold"], " definition, prove that if two rows of ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`A\)]], " are identical, then ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`Det(A) = 0. \)]] }], "Text", FontSize->16], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Solutions", "Subtitle"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{"Det", "[", RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {"7", \(-1\)}, {"2", "1"} }], ")"}], "]"}]], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(9\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"Inverse", "[", RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {"7", \(-1\)}, {"2", "1"} }], ")"}], "]"}], "//", "MatrixForm"}]], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ TagBox[ RowBox[{"(", "\[NoBreak]", GridBox[{ {\(1\/9\), \(1\/9\)}, {\(-\(2\/9\)\), \(7\/9\)} }, RowSpacings->1, ColumnSpacings->1, ColumnAlignments->{Left}], "\[NoBreak]", ")"}], Function[ BoxForm`e$, MatrixForm[ BoxForm`e$]]]], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ RowBox[{ RowBox[{"RowReduce", "[", FormBox[ RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {"1", "2", "0", "1"}, {"0", "1", "1", "1"}, {"0", "1", "2", "2"} }], ")"}], "TraditionalForm"], "]"}], "//", "MatrixForm"}]], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ TagBox[ RowBox[{"(", "\[NoBreak]", GridBox[{ {"1", "0", "0", "1"}, {"0", "1", "0", "0"}, {"0", "0", "1", "1"} }, RowSpacings->1, ColumnSpacings->1, ColumnAlignments->{Left}], "\[NoBreak]", ")"}], Function[ BoxForm`e$, MatrixForm[ BoxForm`e$]]]], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[TextData[{ "We give the proof using mathematical induction, inducting on the size of \ the matrix. If ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`A\)]], " is a 1\[Cross]1 matrix, then \"if two rows are identical, then det=0\" \ has a false hypothesis, so is true. If two rows of a 2\[Cross]2 matrix are \ identical, then the matrix looks like ", Cell[BoxData[ FormBox[ RowBox[{"(", GridBox[{ {"a", "b"}, {"a", "b"} }], ")"}], TraditionalForm]]], ", which has determinant ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`a\ b - \ a\ b = 0\)]], ", so the statement is true for 2\[Cross]2 matrices.\n\nNow suppose that \ \"if two rows of an n\[Cross]n matrix are identical, then its determinant is \ zero\". We call this the induction hypothesis, and we need to show that \"if \ two rows of an (n+1)\[Cross](n+1) matrix are identical, then its determinant \ is zero\". Let ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`A\)]], " be an (n+1)\[Cross](n+1) matrix with two identical rows, and let ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`r\)]], " be the number of a row which is not one the two identical ones. We have \ by the definition of determinant:\n\t", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`Det[ A] = \(\(a\_\(r\ 1\)\) A\_\(r\ 1\) + \(a\_\(r\ 2\)\) A\_\(r\ 2\) + \ ... \)\ + \(a\_\(r\ n\)\) A\_\(r\ n\)\)]], ",\nwhere ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`A\_\(r\ j\) = \(\((\(-1\))\)\^\(r + j\)\) \(Det( M\_\(r\ j\))\)\)]], ". Now ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`M\_\(r\ j\)\)]], " is the determinant of the matrix obtained from ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`A\)]], " by deleting the ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`r\)]], "-th row and ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`j\)]], "-th column, i.e., the determinant of an ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`n\[Cross]n\)]], " matrix with two identical rows. By the induction hypothesis, ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`M\_\(r\ j\) = 0\)]], " for every ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`j\)]], ". Thus\n\t", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`Det[ A] = \(\(\(a\_\(r\ 1\)\) A\_\(r\ 1\) + \(a\_\(r\ 2\)\) A\_\(r\ 2\) + \ ... \)\ + \(a\_\(r\ n\)\) A\_\(r\ n\) = \(\(\(a\_\(r\ 1\)\) 0 + \(a\_\(r\ 2\)\) 0 + \ ... \)\ + \(a\_\(r\ n\)\) 0\ = 0\)\)\)]], ".\n" }], "Text"] }, Closed]] }, Open ]] }, FrontEndVersion->"5.1 for Microsoft Windows", ScreenRectangle->{{0, 1024}, {0, 685}}, WindowSize->{719, 651}, WindowMargins->{{0, Automatic}, {Automatic, 0}}, PrintingCopies->1, PrintingPageRange->{Automatic, Automatic}, Magnification->1.25 ] (******************************************************************* Cached data follows. If you edit this Notebook file directly, not using Mathematica, you must remove the line containing CacheID at the top of the file. The cache data will then be recreated when you save this file from within Mathematica. *******************************************************************) (*CellTagsOutline CellTagsIndex->{} *) (*CellTagsIndex CellTagsIndex->{} *) (*NotebookFileOutline Notebook[{ Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[1776, 53, 28, 0, 117, "Title"], Cell[1807, 55, 65, 3, 101, "Subtitle"], Cell[1875, 60, 260, 10, 62, "Text"], Cell[2138, 72, 255, 10, 62, "Text"], Cell[2396, 84, 692, 19, 163, "Text"], Cell[3091, 105, 1155, 38, 248, "Text"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[4271, 147, 29, 0, 64, "Subtitle"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[4325, 151, 157, 5, 49, "Input"], Cell[4485, 158, 35, 1, 35, "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[4557, 164, 206, 6, 49, "Input"], Cell[4766, 172, 343, 10, 86, "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[5146, 187, 318, 9, 67, "Input"], Cell[5467, 198, 372, 11, 84, "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[5854, 212, 2507, 66, 367, "Text"] }, Closed]] }, Open ]] } ] *) (******************************************************************* End of Mathematica Notebook file. *******************************************************************)